Kugira ngo intego z’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere zigerweho no kugera ku rwego rwo kutagira aho zibogamira mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bitarenze umwaka wa 2050, ibihugu byinshi bigize uyu muryango byashyizeho politiki n’inkunga z’imisoro kugira ngo biteze imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zisukuye. Pompe zishyushya, nk'igisubizo cyuzuye, zishobora gutuma inzu imererwa neza mu buryo burambye, ndetse no mu nzira yo gukuraho karubone binyuze mu guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Nubwo zifite akamaro kanini mu by’ingamba, ibiciro byo kugura no gushyiramo biracyari imbogamizi ku baguzi benshi. Kugira ngo abantu bashishikarize abantu guhitamo izi sisitemu kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe bishyushya lisansi, politiki zo ku rwego rw’Uburayi ndetse na politiki y’igihugu n’inkunga z’imisoro zishobora kugira uruhare runini.
Muri rusange, Uburayi bwongereye imbaraga mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rirambye mu rwego rwo gushyushya no gukonjesha, bigabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi binyuze mu gutanga inkunga ku misoro na politiki. Igipimo cy'ingenzi ni amabwiriza agenga imikorere y'inyubako mu ngufu (EPBD), izwi kandi nka "Green Homes", guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2025, azahagarika inkunga ku byuma bishyushya lisansi, ahubwo akibanda ku gushyiraho pompe zishyushya neza na sisitemu zivanze.
Ubutaliyani
Ubutaliyani bwateje imbere iterambere ry’ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe binyuze mu byiciro bitandukanye by’inkunga ku misoro no gushyigikira, bukomeza cyane politiki y’ingengo y’imari yo gukoresha neza ingufu no gukuraho karuboni mu miturire kuva mu 2020. Dukurikije umushinga w’ingengo y’imari ya 2024, inkunga ku misoro ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu mu 2025 ni izi zikurikira:
Inyungu y'ubukungu: Yongerewe igihe cy'imyaka itatu ariko igipimo cyo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga kigabanuka (50% muri 2025, 36% muri 2026-2027), aho umubare ntarengwa wo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga uhinduka bitewe n'imimerere runaka.
Inyongeramusaruro: Igumana igipimo cyo kugabanyirizwaho 65% (cyari 110%), gikoreshwa gusa ku bintu runaka nk'inyubako z'amagorofa, ikariha ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza sisitemu zishaje zo gushyushya n'imashini zikoresha ubushyuhe zikora neza.
Conto Termico 3.0: Igamije kuvugurura inyubako zisanzwe, ishishikariza ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo gushyushya ingufu zisubira hamwe n'ibikoresho bishyushya neza.
- Izindi nkunga, nka "Bonus Casa," nazo zireba uburyo bwo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zikomoka ku ngufu zisubiramo nka photovoltaics.
Ubudage
Nyuma y’amateka yabayeho mu 2023, kugurisha ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe mu Budage byagabanutseho 46% mu 2024, ariko habayeho ukwiyongera kw’ibikenewe mu nkunga, aho abantu barenga 151.000 bemerewe gusaba inkunga. Amashyirahamwe y’inganda yiteze ko isoko rizagaruka kandi ateganya gutangira gutanga inkunga mu 2025.
Gahunda ya BEG: Harimo n'umushinga wo guhanahana ubushyuhe wa KfW, "uzahora ukora neza" kuva mu ntangiriro za 2025, ushyigikira kuvugurura inyubako zisanzweho ukoresheje sisitemu zo gushyushya ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, aho inkunga igera kuri 70%.
Inkunga yo gukoresha neza ingufu: Gupfuka pompe zishyushya hakoreshejwe firigo karemano cyangwa ingufu zikomoka ku mashyuza; inkunga yo kwihutisha ikirere yibanda ku ba nyir'amazu basimbuza sisitemu za lisansi; inkunga ijyanye n'amafaranga ireba ingo zinjiza amafaranga ari munsi y'amayero 40.000 ku mwaka.
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Esipanye
Esipanye yihutisha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga risukuye binyuze mu ngamba eshatu:
Kugabanya umusoro ku nyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye: Kuva mu Ukwakira 2021 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2025, hashobora kugabanyirizwa ishoramari rya 20%-60% (kugeza kuri 5.000 by'amayero ku mwaka, hamwe n'amayero 15.000 yose hamwe) kugira ngo hashyirweho pompe zishyushya, bisaba ibyemezo bibiri byo gukoresha ingufu neza.
Gahunda yo kuvugurura imijyi: Iterwa inkunga na NextGenerationEU, itanga inkunga ingana na 40% by'amafaranga yo kuyishyiraho (ifite agaciro ka 3,000 by'amayero, kandi abantu bafite amikoro make bashobora kubona inkunga ya 100%).
Inkunga ku musoro ku mutungo: Kugabanyirizwa ishoramari rya 60% (kugeza kuri 9.000 euros) ku mutungo wose, na 40% (kugeza kuri 3.000 euros) ku mazu y’umuryango umwe.
Inkunga y'uturere: Inkunga y'inyongera ishobora gutangwa n'abaturage bigenga.
Ubugereki
Gahunda ya "EXOIKonOMO 2025" igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu binyuze mu kuvugurura inyubako, aho imiryango ifite amikoro make ihabwa inkunga ya 75%-85%, naho andi matsinda ahabwa 40%-60%, ingengo y'imari ntarengwa yongerewe igera ku mayero 35.000, ikubiyemo ubushyuhe, gusimbuza amadirishya n'inzugi, no gushyiraho pompe zishyushya.
Ubufaransa
Inkunga y'Umuntu ku Giti cye (Ma Prime Renov): Inkunga irahari kugira ngo ishyirwemo pompe zishyushya zigenga mbere ya 2025, ariko guhera mu 2026, nibura hakenewe izindi nkunga ebyiri zo kongeramo ubushyuhe. Amafaranga y'inkunga aterwa n'amafaranga yinjira, ingano y'umuryango, akarere, n'ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu.
Inkunga yo Gushyushya (Coup de pouce chauffage): Hari inkunga itangwa kugira ngo hasimburwe sisitemu za lisansi, hamwe n'ingano ijyanye n'umutungo w'urugo, ingano, n'akarere.
Izindi nkunga: Inkunga za leta z’ibanze, igipimo cya TVA cyagabanijweho 5.5% ku mashanyarazi afite nibura COP 3.4, n’inguzanyo zidafite inyungu zigera ku ma euro 50.000.
Ibihugu bya Nordic
Suwede niyo iyoboye Uburayi mu gushyiraho pompe zishyushya miliyoni 2.1, ikomeje gushyigikira iterambere rya pompe zishyushya binyuze mu kugabanya umusoro wa "Rotavdrag" na gahunda ya "Grön Teknik".
Ubwongereza
Gahunda yo kuvugurura amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa BUS: Hashyizweho ingengo y'imari y'inyongera ya miliyoni 25 z'amapawundi (ingengo y'imari yose yo mu 2024-2025 ni miliyoni 205 z'amapawundi), itanga: inkunga ya pawundi 7,500 ku imashini zishyushya zikoresha umwuka/amazi/ubutaka (ubwa mbere za pawundi 5,000), n'inkunga ya pawundi 5,000 ku mamashini ashyushya ibimera.
- Sisitemu zivanze ntizemerewe inkunga ariko zishobora guhuzwa n'inkunga y'izuba.
- Izindi nkunga zirimo inkunga ya "Eco4", nta TVA itangwa ku ngufu zisukuye (kugeza muri Werurwe 2027), inguzanyo zidafite inyungu muri Ecosse, na "Nest Scheme" yo muri Wales.
Imisoro n'Ikiguzi cy'Imikorere
Itandukaniro ku nyongeragaciro: Ibihugu bitandatu gusa, harimo Ububiligi n'Ubufaransa, bifite igipimo cya TVA kiri hasi ku nyongeragaciro ku mashini zishyushya ugereranyije n'izikoresha gazi, bikaba byitezwe ko bizagera ku bihugu icyenda (harimo n'Ubwongereza) nyuma y'Ugushyingo 2024.
Ihiganwa ry’ibiciro by’imikorere: Ibihugu birindwi gusa ni byo bifite ibiciro by’amashanyarazi biri munsi y’inshuro ebyiri z’igiciro cya gazi, aho Lativiya na Esipanye bifite igipimo cya TVA kiri hasi. Amakuru yo mu 2024 agaragaza ko ibihugu bitanu gusa bifite ibiciro by’amashanyarazi biri munsi y’inshuro ebyiri z’igiciro cya gazi, bigaragaza ko hakenewe ingamba zindi zo kugabanya ibiciro by’imikorere by’amapompo ashyushya.
Politiki y’imari n’ingamba zo gushishikariza zishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, birimo gushishikariza abantu kugura imashini zishyushya, ari na zo zigize uruhare runini mu mpinduka mu bucuruzi bw’ingufu mu Burayi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Nzeri 2025